Blockchain-based Identity Management Research Articles

INTEGRATING AI WITH BLOCKCHAIN FOR ENHANCED FINANCIAL SERVICES SECURITY

Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) with blockchain technology presents a transformative approach to enhancing security in financial services. This fusion leverages the strengths of both AI and blockchain to mitigate various security risks, including fraud, data breaches, and identity theft, thereby bolstering trust and confidence in financial transactions. This abstract explores the synergies between AI and blockchain, highlighting their combined capabilities, applications, and potential benefits for the financial services industry. AI algorithms, including machine learning and natural language processing, empower financial institutions to analyze vast amounts of data in real-time, identifying patterns, anomalies, and suspicious activities indicative of fraudulent behavior. By integrating AI-powered fraud detection systems with blockchain-based transactional networks, organizations can enhance security and transparency throughout the entire financial ecosystem. Blockchain's immutable ledger ensures the integrity and traceability of transactions, while AI algorithms provide advanced analytics and predictive insights to detect and prevent fraudulent activities effectively. Furthermore, AI-driven identity verification and authentication systems enhance security in digital transactions by accurately verifying user identities and detecting unauthorized access attempts. By integrating AI-based biometric authentication with blockchain-based identity management solutions, financial institutions can streamline customer onboarding processes, enhance security, and protect sensitive information from unauthorized access. Moreover, AI-powered smart contracts automate and enforce the execution of contractual agreements, reducing the risk of fraud, errors, and disputes in financial transactions. By combining AI-driven smart contract platforms with blockchain technology, organizations can facilitate secure, transparent, and tamper-proof transactions, eliminating intermediaries and reducing transaction costs. The integration of AI with blockchain also offers opportunities for regulatory compliance and risk management in financial services. AI-powered regulatory compliance solutions analyze vast amounts of regulatory data, identify compliance risks, and ensure adherence to regulatory requirements. By integrating these solutions with blockchain-based regulatory reporting systems, financial institutions can enhance transparency, auditability, and regulatory oversight, fostering trust and compliance in the financial ecosystem. In conclusion, the integration of AI with blockchain technology holds immense potential for enhancing security in financial services. By harnessing the combined capabilities of AI and blockchain, organizations can detect and prevent fraudulent activities, enhance identity verification and authentication, streamline transaction processes, and ensure regulatory compliance. This abstract underscores the transformative impact of integrating AI with blockchain on security in financial services, paving the way for a more secure, efficient, and trusted financial ecosystem..
 Keywords:  Al, Blockchain, Enhanced, Financial, Services Security.

Blockchain-Based Academic Identity and Transcript Management in University Enterprise Architecture

The present research examines the implementation of Blockchain-based Identity and Academic Transcript Management in a university's enterprise architecture. This research is motivated by the increasing demand for secure, transparent, and efficient student identity management and the need to store easily verifiable academic transcripts. Blockchain technology has been spotlighted because it provides security and data integrity solutions. This research aims to determine if integrating Blockchain into the University's Enterprise Architecture can improve the management of student identities and academic transcripts by reducing the risk of forgery and facilitating more dependable access for interested parties. Increased security and efficiency in managing student data are the practical implications of this research, which can help universities reduce the risk of data loss and increase stakeholder trust. This research method includes surveying various universities that have adopted Blockchain technology in their academic identity and transcript management. In addition, we will assess its technical implementation, evaluate its effect on efficiency, and conduct interviews with university personnel involved in the implementation process. This study's anticipated outcome is providing universities planning to adopt Blockchain technology for Enterprise Architecture with actionable guidance. This research will identify the benefits, challenges, and best practices of integrating Blockchain in academic identity and transcript management and lay the groundwork for further improvement of educational services in university settings.

Adapting Blockchain for Secure and Efficient Identity Management in Oman's e-Government

This research paper examines the potential application of blockchain technology in e-government identity management, with a specific focus on the case of Oman. Traditional centralized identity systems in e-government face various challenges, such as security vulnerabilities and limited compatibility among government agencies. By utilizing the decentralized and unalterable characteristics of blockchain, Oman can enhance the security, privacy, efficiency, and transparency of identity management in e-government. The advantages include improved security and privacy, streamlined processes, data sharing and interoperability, transparency, cost reduction, and empowerment of citizens. The paper presents examples of blockchain-based identity management systems implemented in different sectors and countries, along with research studies in the field. Additionally, a survey was conducted to assess awareness and willingness to adopt blockchain-based identity management in Oman's e-government. The findings emphasize the importance of considering technical requirements, legal frameworks, interoperability standards, and user acceptance for successful implementation. Overall, blockchain technology offers promising solutions to strengthen identity management in e-government and establish a trustworthy digital environment for citizens and businesses.

Block chain based IAS protocol to enhance security and privacy in cloud computing

Cloud computing has become increasingly popular for data storage and processing, but security and privacy remain major concerns due to the potential for malicious attacks on wireless and mobile communication networks. In order to address these issues, researchers have proposed an IAS protocol that incorporates identity, access control, and secure authentication. To ensure the authenticity and security of data transmission in cloud computing, the proposed IAS protocol is implemented on top of blockchain technology. This allows for decentralized key management for recovery and revocation, as well as identity verification. To evaluate the effectiveness of this approach, the proposed model using Block Chain based Identity Management, Access Control and Secure Sharing (BC-IAS) is simulated on the cloud environment. The simulation assesses primary performance key metrics, including Data Access Rate, Message Delivery Ratio, End to End Delay and Energy consumption. Overall, the proposed BC-IAS protocol on top of blockchain technology shows promise for enhancing security and privacy in cloud computing. The proposed BC-IAS protocol on top of blockchain technology presents a promising solution for enhancing the security and privacy of cloud computing. The decentralized nature of blockchain technology ensures that data is stored in a tamper-proof and transparent manner, while the use of smart contracts allows for automated enforcement of access control policies. Moreover, the incorporation of identity verification and secure authentication ensures that only authorized users can access sensitive data, reducing the risk of data breaches and cyber-attacks.

Decentralized Blockchain-Enabled Employee Authentication System

In recent years, there have been many attempts to introduce blockchain-based identity management solutions, which allow the user to take over control of his/her own identity. In this paper, the authors have reviewed in-depth existing blockchain-based identity management papers and patents published online. Based on that analysis of the literature, a system will be implemented which will come up with the current issues and try to minimize them. Being transparent, immutable, and decentralized in nature, blockchain mechanism is found to be a better technology which can reduce the corruption in the experimental scenario. The objective is to develop a decentralized system which can be used for the verification of the employees in an organization. This is done to stop or reduce the cases of identity theft and data leakage in recent time. This system will be using Ethereum blockchain platform for monitoring the information and smart contract for authentication.

A Systematic Review of Blockchain-based Identity Management Solutions

The involvement of digital identity in almost all online services contributes to the growing reliance on Identity Management Systems (IDMS) that establish, verify, and manage digital identities. However, digital identities are still kept in central repositories. Which are controlled by a single authority that may have many vulnerabilities due to low security, leading attackers to exploit these vulnerabilities and causing various security breaches such as identity theft or disclosure of sensitive information. Additionally, powerful entities who have access to these repositories, could gather and abuse users' information without their knowledge or consent. The concept of Self-sovereign Identity (SSI) allows users to exert ownership of their identity and gain insight into how their data is being used. The development of Blockchain technology has made a breakthrough in achieving SSI by giving individuals the ability to be the final arbiter of who can access and use their own identity. This paper overviews the traditional identity management (IdM) models and presents the next generation of distributed IDMS using Blockchain technology that targets user-centricity and eliminates the identity provider as a trusted third party. Furthermore, It gives an analysis of the recent Blockchain-based IdM solutions, discussing their architecture, components, and features. It also, reveals their weaknesses to identify the gaps between these solutions for future secure IDMS. 

What if we could travel without passport? First sight to blockchain-based identity management in tourism

ABSTRACT Blockchain technology, as a distributed digital ledger, enables users to control their credentials without being breached by third parties. From a tourism perspective, it allows tourists to pass through checkpoints and/or bookings without waiting and having to go through third-party transactions. Hence, this paper aims to discuss traditional identity management (IdM) system challenges and what blockchain might offer as a counterpoint to conventional travel experiences within the tourism domain. We have tried to identify challenges, issues, and implementation areas of IdM in the tourism industry domain.

PBidm: Privacy-Preserving Blockchain-Based Identity Management System for Industrial Internet of Things

Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is revolutionizing plenty of industrial applications by utilizing large-scale smart devices in manufacturing and industrial processes. However, IIoT is facing the disclosure of identity privacy. The identity information is precious and critical, thereby inspiring a line of follow-up privacy-preserving studies, i.e., anonymous credential protocols, or privacy-preserving identity management schemes. However, they are either too anonymous to be used in the IIoT environment, or the system is highly centralized, which implies the risk of a single point of failure. In this article, we propose <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">PBidm</small> , a privacy-preserving blockchain-based identity management scheme for IIoT. Specifically, by leveraging blockchain and diversified cryptographic tools, <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">PBidm</small> can fully support the desirable properties, i.e., unforgeability, blindness, unlikability, traceability, revocability, and public verifiability. Then, we provide security analysis to ensure reasonable security assurance. Finally, we present a performance evaluation of the proposed scheme to demonstrate the practicability in IIoT applications.

A Systematic Literature Mapping on Using Blockchain Technology in Identity Management

Although blockchain is an emerging technology, it has been applied in a lot of domains by leveraging its features. Traditional identity management systems have many issues regarding security and privacy of personal data. Blockchain has the potential to mitigate and avoid such issues by creating trust among the parties involved in the system while reducing reliance on third-party authorities. The first blockchain-based identity management solutions were launched in 2016. Since then, due to high demand, numerous primary and experimental studies and intatives have been carried out to provide solutions to this research topic. Along with that, there are also a lot of secondary studies to overview the current state of research on this topic. However, the number of systematic research articles is still limited and each research has it limitation. Through this study, we provide a novel systematic literature including categorization of studies into predefined categories (domain, research type, place of publication), analysis of publication frequency, co-authorship, number of papers citing each paper of all studied papers. Comparing to other systematic literature mapping studies, our paper provides a more comprehensive view of the studied articles. In particular, we analyze the number of citations, which no study has ever done. In this research, we studied 361 papers published from January 2009 to April 2022 in four big databases (IEEE Explore, ACM Digital Library, ScienceDirect, Springer Link), the largest number of articles studied compared to previous researches. The obtained results show that most of the articles under validation research type (providing solution and implementing that solution but not in real-world scenarios) propose solutions/systems, models/schemes and architectures to address general problems. We also find that the majority of authors works alone or collaborate in a separate group and co-work in only one paper. This shows that there is no long term collaboration in blockchain-based IdM identity management, and thus subsequent publications presenting real-world blockchain-based identity management products do not exist.

A Dynamic Blockchain-Based Mutual Authenticating Identity Management System for Next-Generation Network

In the blockchain-based identity management system (B-IMS) of the next-generation network, mutual authentication is encouraged to be performed between service providers (SP) and user equipment (UE), because SP tend to provide services directly to UE independently from network operator (NO), comparing with traditional B-IMS. As static asymmetric cryptographic keys and append-only ledger data are adopted by most of the B-IMS, the reliability of the system cannot meet the requirements of the next-generation network as static data are less difficult to crack and obtain. Moreover, the storage pressure on blockchain nodes might be stressful due to the exponential increase in the ledger data. Motivated by the circumstances presented above, we propose a dynamic B-IMS which features mutual authentication between SP and UE, where dynamic cryptographic key generation and dynamic chameleon hash key are introduced to strengthen the reliability of the system. We designed a rigorous simulation model and simulated the risk scores of the system and the size of the ledger over runtime respectively. The simulation results confirm the achievability and feasibility of the proposed system.

Identity Access Management via ECC Stateless Derived Key Based Hierarchical Blockchain for the Industrial Internet of Things

Recently, the adoption of the industrial Internet of things (IIoT) has optimized many industrial sectors and promoted industry “smartization.” Smart factories and smart industries connect the real and virtual worlds through cyber-physical systems (CPS). However, these linkages will increase the cyber security danger surface to new levels, putting millions of dollars' worth of assets at risk if communications in big network systems like IIoT settings are left unsecured. To solve these problems, the fundamental method is security, such as authentication and confidentiality, and it should require the encryption key. However, it is challenging the security performance with the limited performance of the sensor. Blockchain-based identity management is emerging for lightweight, integrity and persistence. However, the key generation and management issues of blockchain face the same security performance issues. First, through blockchain smart contracts and hierarchical deterministic (HD) wallets, hierarchical key derivation efficiently distributes and manages keys by line and group in the IIoT environment. Second, the pairing verification value based on an elliptic curve single point called Root Signature performs efficient public key certificate registration and verification and improves the key storage space. Third, the identity log recorded through the blockchain is the global transparency of the key lifecycle, providing system reliability from various security attacks. Keyless Signature Infrastructure (KSI) is adopted to perform efficiently via hash-based scheme (hash calendar, hash tree etc.). We analyze our framework compared to hash-based state commitment methods. Accordingly, our method achieves a calculation efficiency of O(nlog N) and a storage space saving of 60% compared to the existing schemes.

Blockchain-based identity management and access control framework for open banking ecosystem

Financial institutions are following an open banking (OB) trend for service innovation and integration. OB allows third-party service providers (TSPs) to access user financial data for purposes of finding the best deals and improving user experiences. The trust in third parties required for OB ecosystem success raises questions about digital identity integration, data sharing, and privacy preservation. Decentralized applications (DApps) for classifying and protecting data privacy, recording user consent, tracking TSP access actions, managing application programming interfaces (APIs), and preserving self-sovereign identities already exist, but in some countries such as Taiwan they have yet to be integrated into an operable three-phase OB approach. After identifying all major requirements of primary OB participants, we develop a blockchain-based identity management and access control (BIMAC) framework that shares some advantages of both traditional banking and blockchain technology. The BIMAC infrastructure applies smart contracts and a stateless authentication mechanism to form a reliable personal information transaction security control (PITSC) platform that offers such functionalities as decentralized third-party login (TPL), the ability to open bank accounts online, data authorization/revocation, integrated payouts, and TSP access monitoring. System performance evaluation results indicate that the frequent execution functions of the proposed framework have lower computation costs than the average transaction cost of public Ethereum.

Decentralized Identity Management for E-Health Applications: State-of-the-Art and Guidance for Future Work

Background: The increasing usage of various online services requires an efficient digital identity management approach. Unfortunately, the original Internet protocols were not designed with built-in identity management, which creates challenges related to privacy, security, and usability. Thereis an increasing concern regarding the management of these sensitive data in the society, who have access to it and where it is stored. Blockchain technology can, potentially offer a secure solution to address this problem, in a decentralized manner without any centralized authority. This is of importance for e-health services where the patient and the healthcare provider often are required toprove their identity. Blockchain technology can be utilized for creating digital identities and make themanagement of those identities easier, giving a higher degree of control to the user than what current solutions offer. It can be used for creating a digital identity on the blockchain, making it easier to manage for individuals and entities, giving them greater control over who has their personal in-formation and how they handle it, and it could be utilized to create a higher degree of trust andsecurity to e-health applications. Objective The aim of this research work is to review the state-of-the- art regarding blockchain-based decentralized identity management for healthcare applications. Based on this summary, we provide a viewpoint on how blockchain-based decentralized identity frameworks couldbe utilized for virtualized healthcare applications. Method This research has applied a scoping, semi-systematic review approach to summarize thestate-of-the-art. Included identity management systems were evaluated based on seven criteria:Autonomy, Authority, Availability, Approval, Confidentiality, Tenacity and Interoperability ResultsSeven blockchain-based identity management systems were included and evaluated in this work:These include solutions built with Ethereum, Hyperledger Indy, Hyperledger Fabric, Hedera andSovrin &nbsp;blockchains. Conclusion Digital identity management is crucial for virtual healthcare. Decentralized identity management for healthcare purposes is currently being explored, both in academia and the private sector. More work is needed with the aim to improve the efficiency of current DIM solutions and to fully understand what technical frameworks are best suited for e-health applications.

Decentralized Identity Management for E-Health Applications: State-of-the-Art and Guidance for Future Work.

The increasing use of various online services requires an efficient digital identity management (DIM) approach. Unfortunately, the original Internet protocols were not designed with built-in identity management, which creates challenges related to privacy, security, and usability. There is an increasing societal concern regarding the management of these sensitive data, access to it, and where it is stored. Blockchain technology can potentially offer a secure solution to address these issues in a decentralized manner without centralized authority. This is important for e-health services where the patient and the healthcare provider often are required to prove their identity. Blockchain technology can be utilized for creating digital identities and making its management easier, thus giving a higher degree of control to the user than what current solutions offer. It can be used to create a digital identity on the blockchain, making it easier for individuals and entities to manage, giving them greater control over who has their personal information and how they handle it. In addition, it might be utilized to create a higher degree of trust and security for e-health applications. The aim of this research work was to review the state-of-the-art regarding blockchain-based decentralized identity management for healthcare applications. Based on this summary, we provide a viewpoint on how blockchain-based decentralized identity frameworks might be utilized for virtualized healthcare applications. This research study applied a scoping, semi-systematic review approach to summarize the state-of-the-art. Included identity management systems were evaluated based on seven criteria: autonomy, authority, availability, approval, confidentiality, tenacity, and Interoperability. Seven blockchain-based identity management systems were included and evaluated in this work: these include solutions built with Ethereum, Hyperledger Indy, Hyperledger Fabric, Hedera, and Sovrin blockchains. DIM is crucial for virtual health care. Decentralized identity management for healthcare purposes is currently being explored in both academia and the private sector. More work is needed with the aim of improving the efficiency of current DIM solutions and to fully understand what technical frameworks are best suited for e-health applications.

Understanding of blockchain-based identity management system adoption in the public sector

PurposeThis study aims to understand the benefits and challenges associated with the adoption of a blockchain-based identity management system in public services by conducting an academic literature review, and to explore the design of such a system that can be applied to the Korean government.Design/methodology/approachThis study explores the adoption of a blockchain-based identity management system using a literature review and an actual design case intended for use by the government sector.FindingsBlockchain-based identity management systems can significantly improve transparency, accountability, and reliability in the user control of one's own data while reducing the time and cost needed to deliver public services, as well as increasing administrative efficiency. However, it is not always easy to implement such systems, and introducing new technologies in the government field requires a complicated, time-consuming process. There is currently an appetite for research extending beyond the typical technology-driven approach to elucidate the government adoption of new technologies and explore its implications.Practical implicationsThe idea behind this system is that by storing and managing personal information on the blockchain and providing mobile apps to customers, users can log in or retrieve previously authenticated personal information without having to go through an authentication process. Since users do not need to go through the verification process every time, it is expected that they will be able to access only the necessary personal information more quickly and conveniently without having to deal with unnecessary details. In addition, the blockchain-based operation of a public service effectively increases the transparency and reliability of that service and reduces the social costs caused by personal information leakage.Originality/valueThis study introduces the design of a blockchain-based identity management system that can be used in public services, specifically in the Korean government sector for the first time. Along with a literature review, the implications that this study gleans from these real-world use cases can contribute to this field of research.

Comments on biometric-based non-transferable credentials and their application in blockchain-based identity management

In IT-ecosystems, access to unauthorized parties is prevented with credential-based access control techniques (locks, RFID cards, biometrics, etc.). Some of these methods are ineffective against malicious users who lend their credentials to other users. To obtain non-transferability, Adams proposed a combination of biometrics encapsulated in Pedersen commitment with Brands digital credential. However, Adams’ work does not consider the Zero Knowledge Proof-of Knowledge (ZKPoK) system for Double Discrete Logarithm Representation of the credential. Besides, biometrics is used directly, without employing any biometric cryptosystem to guarantee biometric privacy, thus Adams’ work cannot be GDPR-compliant. In this paper, we construct the missing ZKPoK protocol for Adam’s work and show its inefficiency. To overcome this limitation, we present a new biometric-based non-transferable credential scheme that maintains the efficiency of the underlying Brands credential. Secondly, we show the insecurity of the first biometric-based anonymous credential scheme designed by Blanton et al.. In this context, we present a brute-force attack against Blanton’s biometric key generation algorithm implemented for fuzzy vault. Next, we integrate an Oblivious PRF (OPRF) protocol to solve the open problem in Blanton’s work and improve its efficiency by replacing the underlying signature scheme with PS-signatures. Finally, we evaluate application scenarios for non-transferable digital/anonymous credentials in the context of Blockchain-based Identity Management (BBIM). We show that our modified constructions preserve biometric privacy and efficiency, and can easily be integrated into current BBIM systems built upon efficient Brands and PS-credentials.

A Lightweight Blockchain-Based IoT Identity Management Approach

Identity management is a fundamental feature of Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem, particularly for IoT data access control. However, most of the actual works adopt centralized approaches, which could lead to a single point of failure and privacy issues that are tied to the use of a trusted third parties. A consortium blockchain is an emerging technology that provides a neutral and trustable computation and storage platform that is suitable for building identity management solutions for IoT. This paper proposes a lightweight architecture and the associated protocols for consortium blockchain-based identity management to address privacy, security, and scalability issues in a centralized system for IoT. Besides, we implement a proof-of-concept prototype and evaluate our approach. We evaluate our work by measuring the latency and throughput of the transactions while using different query actions and payload sizes, and we compared it to other similar works. The results show that the approach is suitable for business adoption.

Efficient biometric-based identity management on the Blockchain for smart industrial applications

In this work, we propose a new Blockchain-based Identity Management system for smart industry. First, we describe an efficient biometric-based anonymous credential scheme, which supports selective disclosure, suspension/thaw and revocation of credentials/entities. Our system provides non-transferability through a freshly computed hidden biometric attribute, which is generated using a secure fuzzy extractor during each authentication. This mechanism combined with offchain storage guarantees GDPR compliance, which is required for protecting user’s data. We define blinded (Brands) DLRep scheme to provide multi-show unlinkability, which is a lacking feature in Brands’ credential based systems. For larger organizations, we re-design the system by replacing the Merkle Tree with an accumulator to improve scalability. The new system enables auditing by adapting the standard Industrial IoT (IIoT) Identity Management Lifecycle to Blockchain. Finally, we show that the new proposal outperforms BASS, i.e. the most recent blockchain-based anonymous credential scheme designed for smart industry. The computational cost at the user-side (can be a weak IoT device) of our scheme is 8-times less than that of BASS. Thus, our system is more suitable for IIoT.

Sovereignty, privacy, and ethics in blockchain-based identity management systems

Self-sovereign identity (SSI) solutions implemented on the basis of blockchain technology are seen as alternatives to existing digital identification systems, or even as a foundation of standards for the new global infrastructures for identity management systems. It is argued that ‘self-sovereignty' in this context can be understood as the concept of individual control over identity relevant private data, capacity to choose where such data is stored, and the ability to provide it to those who need to validate it. It is also argued that while it might be appealing to operationalise the concept of ‘self-sovereignty’ in a narrow technical sense, depreciation of moral semantics obscures key challenges and long-term repercussions. Closer attention to the normative substance of the ‘sovereignty’ concept helps to highlight a range of ethical issues pertaining to the changing nature of human identity in the context of ubiquitous private data collection.

Towards a Blockchain-based Identity and Trust Management Framework for the IoV Ecosystem

Towards a Blockchain-based Identity and Trust Management Framework for the IoV Ecosystem